* not completed

. Why is it important to separate the concept of punishment from its justification?

Because its justification depends on the concept employed. correct incorrect

Because any definition of punishment should be value-neutral. correct incorrect

Because the concept of punishment is controversial. correct incorrect

Because the practice of punishment is separate from its justification. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Why is there an increasing recognition that retribution is a fundamental element of punishment?

Because rehabilitation of offenders presumes a recognition of the role of vengeance. correct incorrect

Because the lex talionis is misguided. correct incorrect

Because other justifications appear to have failed. correct incorrect

Because revenge is anachronistic. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which proposition below is the most inconsistent with a consequentialist justification of punishment?

Punishment protects security. correct incorrect

Punishment is a cost-effective method by which to prevent or reduce crime. correct incorrect

Punishment protects personal safety. correct incorrect

Punishment should fit the crime. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Robert Nozick's proposes the formula r x H as a guide to determine the appropriate punishment. What does it mean?

Effectiveness of rehabilitation of multiplied by hazard to the community. correct incorrect

Extent of responsibility multiplied by actual harm done. correct incorrect

Risk of violence multiplied by degree of humility of offender. correct incorrect

Recidivism multiplied by defendant's history. correct incorrect