Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.
The urban-based middle class between the wealthy aristocracy and the working class.
The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.
A medieval method of determining theological and philosophical truth by using Aristotelian logic.
Associations of artisans and merchants intended to protect and promote affairs of common interest.
A representative assembly in England that, by the fourteenth century, was composed of great lords (both lay and ecclesiastical) and representatives from two other groups: shire knights and town burgesses.
The law of the church.
The native, common spoken language of a particular region.
Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.
An outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace.
The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.
An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.
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