Innovation and Adaptation in the Western Christian World, 600–1450 CE

Those countries professing Christian beliefs under the primacy of the pope.

An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.

A representative assembly in England that, by the fourteenth century, was composed of great lords (both lay and ecclesiastical) and representatives from two other groups: shire knights and town burgesses.

The act of anointing with oil as a rite of consecration.

The act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign.

The law of the church.

An outward and physical sign of an inward and spiritual grace.

Associations of artisans and merchants intended to protect and promote affairs of common interest.

The medieval European system of self-sustaining agricultural estates.

The native, common spoken language of a particular region.

Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox.

The French representative assembly, composed of the three social "estates" in France, first convened by Philip IV.

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