* not completed

. Which nitrogen-containing atmospheric gases will influence the pH of precipitation? (Please select all that apply)

NO₂ correct incorrect

NH₃ correct incorrect

NO correct incorrect

N₂O correct incorrect

N₂ correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements about sulfur compounds in the atmosphere are true? (Please select all that apply)

Sulfur dioxide is sometimes found in the atmosphere in areas remote from industrial activity correct incorrect

Sulfur dioxide has only very limited solubility in water droplets correct incorrect

Hydrogen peroxide plays a role in the oxidation of sulfur dioxide correct incorrect

Reduced sulfur compounds like CS₂ can be a source of sulfuric acid correct incorrect

The presence of particulates in water droplets inhibits oxidation of sulfur dioxide correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements about removal of sulfuric and nitric acids from the atmosphere are true? (Please select all that apply)

Generally, tropospheric nitric acid removal rates are slower than those of sulfuric acid correct incorrect

Leakage of sulfur compounds from the troposphere to the stratosphere is a removal process     correct incorrect

Dry deposition of sulfate compounds is one method of its removal correct incorrect

Ammonia (which reacts with sulfuric acid) is produced by reduction of NO in the troposphere correct incorrect

The sulfur compounds released from volcanos are generally reduced sulfur species correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements about liquid and solid water in the atmosphere is/are true? (Please select all that apply)

Concentrations of dissolved metals and other species tend to be higher in fog than in rain correct incorrect

Concentration of dissolved metal ions in fog usually decrease moving away from the source of the fog correct incorrect

The concentration of dissolved metal ions in fallen snow always increases during the time the snowpack remains on the ground correct incorrect

During spring run-off, the concentrations of ions in the melt water is higher than that released during earlier times of melting correct incorrect

Soil particles in the atmosphere inhibit the formation of water droplets like fog   correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements is/are true? (Please select all that apply)

Sulfate derived from sea water is one source of acidity in rainfall near marine sites correct incorrect

Very little thermal NO₂ is released when burning wood and other forms of biomass correct incorrect

Most atmospheric NH₃ originates from biogenic sources correct incorrect

Lightning produces NO₂ in the troposphere correct incorrect

The two major sources of SO₂ direct release to the atmosphere are from burning fossil fuels and smelting metal ores correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the statements about control of acid-producing emission is/are true? (Please select all that apply)

Nitrogen oxides can be removed from flue gas by precipitation using a limestone slurry correct incorrect

Gypsum is a product of flue gas desulfurization correct incorrect

Fluidized bed combustion generates reduced emissions of CO correct incorrect

Fluidized bed combustion enhances the production of nitrogen oxides correct incorrect

Liquids produced from coal have a larger ratio of hydrogen to carbon than the original feedstock correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements about rate of conversion of NO_x to nitric acid is/are true? (Please select all that apply)

The rate of conversion depends on the distance from the source correct incorrect

The rate of conversion of NO_x to nitric acid is greater than corresponding rates for sulphuric acid correct incorrect

The molar ratio of sulphate to nitrate increase as you move away from a source producing both sulphur and nitrogen oxides correct incorrect

The rate of conversion of NO_x via oxidation by the hydroxyl radical is a second order process correct incorrect

The units of the corresponding rate constant are molecule cm³ s^-1 correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statement about the pH of natural rainfall is/are true? (Please select all that apply)

The pH is influenced by the presence of carbonic acid correct incorrect

The hydronium ion concentration is approximately 20 greater than that of pure water correct incorrect

The pH of natural rainfall is unaffected by natural elements and is near neutral correct incorrect

The pH of natural rainfall in equilibrium with dissolved carbon dioxide is approximately 5.7 correct incorrect

The pH of natural rainfall is unaffected by the increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements about anthropogenically acidified precipitation is/are true? (Please select all that apply)

The increase of acidity in anthropogenically acidified rainfall is largely due to the presence of nitric and/or sulphuric acids correct incorrect

The pH of the anthropogenically acidified rainfall is typically around 5.7 correct incorrect

Anthropogenically acidified rainfall is capable of damaging limestone buildings as well as affecting forest growth and causing acidification of lakes correct incorrect

In the winter, acidified snowfall is possible, but the impacts of acidity are not immediately felt, as with rainfall correct incorrect

Dry deposition can have significant and equally damaging effects on the environment as wet deposition correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following sulphur species can contribute to acidification of precipitation: (Please select all that apply)

(CH₃)₂S correct incorrect

SO₂ correct incorrect

H₂S correct incorrect

Na₂SO₄ correct incorrect

•SH correct incorrect