* not completed

. Which of these approximate values of density of components of the Earth is/are correct? (Please select all that apply)

Water: 1030 kg m^-3 correct incorrect

Air: 1.3 g m^-3 correct incorrect

Surface rocks: 2700 t m^-3 correct incorrect

Water: 1030 g L^-1 correct incorrect

Surface rocks: 2700 kg m^-3 correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following are quantitatively within the top four elements or compounds in surface or near surface components of the Earth? (Please select all that apply)

CO₂ in the atmosphere correct incorrect

SO₄^2- dissolved in seawater correct incorrect

Ar in the atmosphere correct incorrect

Al  in surface rocks correct incorrect

H₂O in the atmosphere correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements correctly apply to the early Earth? (Please select all that apply)

Oxygen was commonly present in the Earth's crust correct incorrect

Ozone was an important gas in the Earth's early atmosphere         correct incorrect

Water was formed through reactions between hydrogen and oxygen under the influence of high energy solar radiation correct incorrect

Dissolution of surface rocks caused the pH of the Earth's water to rise correct incorrect

Oxygen levels increased in the atmosphere as plant life developed correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements is/are true? (Please select all that apply)

Alpha on distribution diagrams is a measure of the fraction of individual species correct incorrect

Transpiration is one process that describes the connection between water in the biosphere and the atmosphere correct incorrect

The residence time of a component in the atmosphere is determined by the ratio of flux / steady state amount correct incorrect

Organic matter decomposition is an anthropogenic activity correct incorrect

A 'sink' is where an environmental component is removed from one compartment into another where it 'ends up' for an extended period of time correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following 'unit - phase' pairings are appropriate? (Please select all that apply)

mol L^-1 - solid correct incorrect

mg L^-1 - aqueous correct incorrect

ppm - aqueous correct incorrect

mg kg^-1 - solid correct incorrect

μg L^-1 - solid correct incorrect

* not completed

. In a species distribution diagram alpha represents: (Please select all that apply)

The fractional amount of each species correct incorrect

The ratio of the individual species concentration divided by the sum of all species concentration correct incorrect

The value where species concentrations are in equilibrium with each other correct incorrect

The percentage of each species when the fraction is multiplied by 100% correct incorrect

 The ratio of the experimentally determined species concentration divided by the sum of the theoretically calculated concentration of all species correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements about species distribution diagrams is/are true? (Please select all that apply)

A species distribution diagram can only be used for acid-base species plotted vs. pH correct incorrect

Cadmium ion (Cd²⁺) can be plotted on a species distribution diagram vs. the molar concentration of chloride correct incorrect

The sum of alpha values defined by a vertical line drawn anywhere on a species distribution diagram will always be 1.0 correct incorrect

No more than two lines (representing different species) can overlap at any one time correct incorrect

Distribution diagrams are based solely on analytical data and are independent of thermodynamic data correct incorrect

* not completed

. Based on the data for in-flux into the oceans in Figure 1.4, the residence time of water (in years) in the oceans is best determined to be:

52200 correct incorrect

114000 correct incorrect

3550 correct incorrect

3160 correct incorrect

39100 correct incorrect

* not completed

.

The atmosphere's major gases whose atmospheric concentration is usually expressed in percentage terms include: (Please select all that apply)

CO₂ correct incorrect

H₂O correct incorrect

Ar correct incorrect

N₂ correct incorrect

O₂ correct incorrect

* not completed

. The top three most productive ecosystems in terms of carbon uptake (kg C m^-2 y^-1) (Appendix A.3) include: (Please select all that apply)

Tropical Forests correct incorrect

Open Oceans correct incorrect

Swamp and marsh correct incorrect

Temperate forests correct incorrect

Algal bed and reef correct incorrect

Estuaries correct incorrect