* not completed

. What is the doctrine of stare decisis?

a) A doctrine of statutory interpretation correct incorrect

b) A doctrine of precedent correct incorrect

c) A doctrine of legislative powers correct incorrect

d) A doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty correct incorrect

* not completed

. What is the ratio decidendi of a case?

a) The reasons for the decision correct incorrect

b) Other things said correct incorrect

c) The reasons of the majority only correct incorrect

d) The decision in the factual case correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is the best description of the operation of precedent on the Supreme Court (formerly House of Lords)?:

a) The Supreme Court/House of Lords are always bound by its own previous decisions correct incorrect

b) The Supreme Court/House of Lords is generally bound by its own previous decisions, but may depart from its previous decisions where it appears right to do so correct incorrect

c) The Supreme Court/House of Lords is never bound by its own previous decisions correct incorrect

d) None of the options given are correct correct incorrect

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. According to Bristol Aeroplane, the Court of Appeal is generally bound by its own previous decisions subject to three exceptions. Which one of the following is not an exception to the rule?

Where a previous Court of Appeal decision conflicts with a House of Lords or Supreme Court decision correct incorrect

Where the previous decision was made per incuriam. correct incorrect

Where there are two or more conflicting Court of Appeal authorities and the present court must choose between them correct incorrect

Where the defendant's liberty is at stake correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is the correct statement as to the binding authority of the High Court on another High Court case?:

a) The High Court when sitting in its appellate capacity (i.e. a bench of judges) is generally binding on itself subject to the Bristol Aeroplane exceptions. correct incorrect

b) The High Court when sitting in its appellate capacity (i.e. a bench of judges) is binding on itself. The High Court is not subject to the same Bristol Aeroplane exceptions as the Court of Appeal. correct incorrect

c) The High Court when sitting in its first-instance capacity (i.e. a single judge) is generally binding on itself subject to the Bristol Aeroplane exceptions. correct incorrect

d) The High Court when sitting in its first-instance capacity (i.e. a single judge) is binding on itself. The High Court is not subject to the same Bristol Aeroplane exceptions as the Court of Appeal. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements best describes the judicial act of distinguishing a case?:

a) Distinguishing occurs when a court changes the law stated in a previous case. correct incorrect

b) Distinguishing occurs when a higher court changes the decision reached by a lower court correct incorrect

c) Distinguishing occurs when a court indicates that the material facts of a previous case and those of the instant case are different. correct incorrect

d) Distinguishing occurs when a court indicates that the facts of a previous case and those of the instant case are the same. correct incorrect

* not completed

. What is "neutral citation"?

a) A method of referring to decisions of the High Court, Court of Appeal, Supreme Court and Privy Council correct incorrect

b) Citation of judicial decisions in non-commercial publications correct incorrect

c) Citation of judgments of the courts which were unanimous correct incorrect

d) A method of referring to decisions of the magistrates' court and County Court. correct incorrect

* not completed

. What is the common law?

a) Law passed by Parliament correct incorrect

b) Delegated legislation correct incorrect

c) Power exercised by royal prerogative correct incorrect

d) Case law made by judges correct incorrect

* not completed

. When citing a case, which law report should be cited principally?

a) Neutral citations correct incorrect

b) Specialist Law Reports correct incorrect

c) Weekly Law Reports correct incorrect

d) The Law Reports correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is not a form of persuasive authority?:

a) Judgments from the Court of Justice of the European Union correct incorrect

b) Decisions from other countries correct incorrect

c) Academic commentary correct incorrect

d) Judgments from the European Court of Human Rights correct incorrect