Chapter 2 Multiple Choice Quiz

The 'state of nature' refers to a

Well-ordered society.

Society where there are no agencies to enforce laws or maintain order.

Crime-free society.

Rights-oriented society.

It is important for governments to have legitimacy. Which of the following may occur when governments do not have legitimacy?

Protests.

Widespread disobedience of laws.

Revolution.

All of the above.

The idea of adhering to a social contract means

Complete freedom for all citizens.

An exchange of some freedom for more security.

A chaotic society.

None of the above.

The public conception of criminal justice policy tends to center primarily on

The ends, or outcomes.

The means, or methods.

The analysis of data.

All of the above.

_ is used by academic researchers to assess the means and ends of criminal justice decisions.

Empiricism.

Idealism.

A focus primarily on the ends, or outcomes.

None of the above.

What conclusion can be drawn from McCollough's definition of morality?

Morality must be grounded in an indeology.

Morality is an ongoing process in which society continuously reflects on behaviors, values, and standards.

Morality is unrelated to criminal justice.

There is a master list of all immoral actions.

In addressing crime problems, criminal justice strategies are _ while tactics reflect _.

Broad approaches to address a problem/ how to implement the policy.

How to implement the policy/ broad approaches to address a problem.

Idealistic/ pragmatic.

Pragmatic/ idealistic.

Moral judgment is often the basis of a criminal justice system strategy. Which of the following issues illustrates an issue that potentially involves a moral judgment?

Prisoners' rights.

alcohol policy.

Physician-assisted suicide.

all of the above.

Kant's categorical imperative refers to a moral test of action that is best decided by asking which of the following questions?

Because everyone else does it, why shouldn't I?

If I do it, would I want everyone else to do it, as well?

If I don't do it, will others do it anyway?

If I do it, will others ostracize me?

Idealists would likely agree with which of the following statements:

There is a mind-body connection.

Harmony is a natural guiding principle for making moral criminal justice decisions.

Truth must be empirically verified.

All of the above.

Pragmatists would likely agree with which of the following statements:

There is a mind-body split.

Harmony is a natural guiding principle for making moral criminal justice decisions.

Truth must be verified, through observations or empirical data.

All of the above.

Which of the following is not one of the five concepts of morality as outlined in the text?

Self.

Crime.

Death.

Universe.

In the interests of security, the U.S. Supreme Court has allowed all of the following intrusions by the government into personal liberty except:

Roadblocks to detect drunk drivers.

Stops at permanent checkpoints near borders to check for smuggling and illegal immigration.

Roadblocks to check driver's license and registration.

Roadblock to examine vehicles and check with narcotics-detection dogs.

Concerning Kohlberg's moral stages, all of the following are true except:

In Stage 1, avoiding punishment forms the basis for moral decision making.

Persons in Stage 4 would likely favor physician-assisted suicide because it conforms with the existing law and authority.

Persons in Stage 3 would likely oppose physician-assisted suicide because it violates social expectations that lead to the approval desired from others.

Persons in Stage 6 would support physician-assisted suicide if their own moral principles indicated that it was appropriate.

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