Chapter 14 Self-Quiz

. Although the glory of Rome faded as the early Middle Ages settled over western Europe, philosophy survived in Byzantium for another thousand years or so because

Persians invaded the Byzantium.

the Greek language predominated there, making it easy for the Byzantines to continue the study of Western philosophy.

Natives from Greece settled in Byzantium.

The Romans passed over the legacy of philosophy to the Byzantines.

. The word tawhid signifies

the absolute unity of God.

the superiority of Islam over other religions.

the principle of non-duality.

beliefs in duality.

. Al-Kindi takes up the old problem of the one and the many in order to

prove that the universe is created.

show that God is the sole creator of the cosmos.

establish the tenets of Ptolemaic astronomy.

prove that the universe is eternal.

. According to al-Kindi, the Active Intellect

is a material intellect.

looks after the affairs of the celestial realm.

is a co-creator of the world.

thinks the abstract ideas.

. According to al-Farabi,

religion hinders philosophical progress.

philosophy needs religion in order to affirm truth.

only philosophy can produce genuine knowledge.

both religion and philosophy can produce genuine knowledge.

. For al-Farabi the highest form of knowledge is called

opinion.

absolute certitude.

divine inspiration.

revelation.

. According to Avicenna, Aristotelian metaphysics overlooks the question of

form.

time.

essence.

existence.

. For Avicenna, the element of existence, whenever we find it in the external world,

is caused by the Active Intellect.

is uncaused.

is additional to a thing's essence.

is an active force of nature.

. In Avicenna's view, God can

only know about universals.

only know about particulars.

know both particulars and universals.

know particulars by way of universals.

. Methodic Experience is

mode of perception.

experience of one thing following another over many repetitions, either always or with few exceptions.

is a sort of mystical experience.

a powerful epistemological tool to do philosophy.

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