Chapter 1 Review Quiz

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. Unlike eukaryotic life forms, eukaryotes:

Are relatively few in number and contain no organelles correct incorrect

Contain nuclear material bound by a membrane correct incorrect

Are relatively large and contain organelles correct incorrect

Are made up of bare nuclear material correct incorrect

Lack nuclei and cellular organelles correct incorrect

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. Examples of macromolecules include:

sugars correct incorrect

proteins correct incorrect

amino acids correct incorrect

hydrochloric acid correct incorrect

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. Viruses differ from prokaryotes and eukaryotes in this respect:

Viruses have no cells correct incorrect

Viruses can not reproduce correct incorrect

Viruses do not employ nucleic acids to reproduce correct incorrect

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes need host cells to reproduce correct incorrect

Virus particles require more energy than prokaryotes and eukaryotes correct incorrect

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. When compared to fatty acids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, proteins are found to contain more:

Carbon correct incorrect

Hydrogen correct incorrect

Oxygen correct incorrect

Phosphorus correct incorrect

Nitrogen correct incorrect

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. The most important function of DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is:

To serve as a repository for genetic information correct incorrect

To provide the directions for protein synthesis correct incorrect

To act as a factory for protein synthesis correct incorrect

To maintain osmotic pressure correct incorrect

To function as the main mechanism for energy transformation within cells correct incorrect

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. Passage of information from DNA to RNA is known as:

Transcription correct incorrect

Translation correct incorrect

Replication correct incorrect

Homeostasis correct incorrect

The central dogma correct incorrect

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. The B central dogmaB states that information always passes from DNA to RNA except:

In most eukaryotic cells correct incorrect

In all cells of the archae correct incorrect

In all prokaryotic cells correct incorrect

In all viruses correct incorrect

In retroviruses such as HIV correct incorrect

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. Biochemical catalysts are called:

deoxyribonucleic acid correct incorrect

manganese dioxide correct incorrect

hydrogen peroxide correct incorrect

polysaccharides correct incorrect

enzymes correct incorrect

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. During catabolism:

Large, complex molecules are converted into many smaller, simple molecules correct incorrect

Many large, complex molecules are converted into larger, simple molecules correct incorrect

Many small, simple molecules are converted into a few large, complex molecules correct incorrect

A few small, simple molecules are converted into many large, complex molecules correct incorrect

The size and complexity of molecules involved remains about the same correct incorrect

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. Cell division and the movement of organelles within cells depend on a framework of protein filaments called:

Lipid bilayers correct incorrect

Starch granules correct incorrect

Molecular chaperones correct incorrect

Amino acids correct incorrect

Cytoskeletons correct incorrect

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. Although most mutations are silent, some may actually help the organisms by:

Ridding the cell of excess RNA correct incorrect

Helping the organism adapt to new circumstances correct incorrect

Limiting the reproductive success of the offspring correct incorrect

Causing errors in copying DNA correct incorrect

Limiting overpopulation correct incorrect

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. Energy can best be defined as:

The rate of doing work correct incorrect

Hotness or coldness correct incorrect

The ability to do work correct incorrect

A way of storing work correct incorrect

Kilojoules/kilogram correct incorrect

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. Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in one major respect:

Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells correct incorrect

Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells correct incorrect

Eukaryotic cells are more colorful than prokaryotic cells correct incorrect

Eukaryotic cells are faster than prokaryotic cells correct incorrect

Eukaryotic cells are firmer than prokaryotic cells correct incorrect

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. The energy required to maintain cellular functions of all life forms ultimately comes from:

The sun correct incorrect

Carbohydrates which are reduced during metabolic processes correct incorrect

Lipid molecules undergoing oxidation correct incorrect

Pockets of energy stored in deoxyribonucleic acid correct incorrect

Heat rising from the center of the earth correct incorrect

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. Proteins are made up of long chains of:

Glucose molecules attached end to end correct incorrect

Amino acids attached by peptide (amide) bonds correct incorrect

Complex lipids such as stearic acid or cholesterol correct incorrect

Deoxyribonucleic acids which store genetic information correct incorrect

Organic subunits such as ethene or propene correct incorrect

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. Genetic information for living things is stored in:

DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid correct incorrect

Polysaccharides such as glycogen or amylopectin correct incorrect

Triacylglycerols such as glyceryl tristearate correct incorrect

Organelles such as lysozomes correct incorrect

Tiny granules of ribonucleic acid correct incorrect

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. The function of transfer RNA is to:

Transfer RNA from one part of the cell to another correct incorrect

Carry information from the genetic code on DNA to ribosomes to direct protein synthesis correct incorrect

Carry amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis correct incorrect

Recognize the anticodon which prevents coding correct incorrect

Temporarily store the genetic code during transcription correct incorrect

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. Human beings are best categorized as:

Autotrophs which transform the energy of the sun correct incorrect

Chemoheterotrophs which use preformed food molecules as their sole source of energy correct incorrect

Heterotrophs, which can either produce their own energy or use organic substances obtained from other organisms to obtain energy. correct incorrect

Extremophiles which exist under extremes of climate, temperature, and light correct incorrect

Photoheterotrophs which use both light and organic biomolecules as energy sources correct incorrect

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. Oxidation reactions in biochemistry can be recognized by:

Loss of oxygen during the reaction correct incorrect

Transfer of oxygen from one carbon to a new part of the same structure correct incorrect

An addition of hydrogen to or loss of oxygen from a molecule correct incorrect

Addition of electrons to a positive ion such as Fe⁺³ correct incorrect

Loss of hydrogen from or addition of oxygen to a molecule correct incorrect

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. Hydrophilic substances are usually soluble in:

Water or aqueous solutions such as the cell cytoplasm correct incorrect

Gasoline, ether, or other nonpolar solvents correct incorrect

Nonpolar solvents such as gasoline and ether correct incorrect

Any solvents made up of molecules containing hydrogen correct incorrect

Nonaqueous portions of cell membranes correct incorrect

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. In order for cells to remain highly ordered, they need a constant supply of:

Sugar correct incorrect

Energy correct incorrect

Water correct incorrect

Salt correct incorrect

MTV correct incorrect

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. Messenger RNA is a specialized molecule whose most important function is to:

Stabilize ribosomes during translation correct incorrect

Store genetic information so that our offspring resemble us correct incorrect

Allow rapid mutations of bacteria under extreme conditions correct incorrect

Carry information from DNA to ribosomes in order to direct protein synthesis correct incorrect

Carry amino acids to ribosomes so they may be used to form proteins correct incorrect

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. The word B homeostasisB best describes:

Any reaction at equilibrium correct incorrect

A condition in which a number of members of a group are alike remain homogeneous correct incorrect

The general condition in which all cellular activity is at a standstill correct incorrect

The general condition of maintenance of health and cellular activities which continue life correct incorrect

A philosophy which is dedicated to protection of one's homeland correct incorrect

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. Organisms that can live and function at very high temperatures include some archae called:

Escherichia coli correct incorrect

Hydrophobes correct incorrect

Prions correct incorrect

Extremophiles correct incorrect

Antibiotics correct incorrect