* not completed

. Which model of gene-environment interactions assumes that people differ in their vulnerability only to adverse environments and that everyone reacts more or less the same to harmless or favourable environments?

a) Conditional adaptation correct incorrect

b) Ecological reactiveness correct incorrect

c) Diathesis-stress correct incorrect

d) Differential susceptibility correct incorrect

e) None of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. According to the evolutionary psychology theory advanced by Kanazawa (2003), intrasexual competition for mates explains the age-crime curve for males. The major changes in the age-crime curve correspond roughly to which three periods?

a) Post-puberty, fatherhood, post-fatherhood correct incorrect

b) Puberty, fatherhood, post-fatherhood correct incorrect

c) Pre-puberty, fatherhood, post-fatherhood correct incorrect

d) Pre-puberty, post-puberty, fatherhood correct incorrect

e) Pre-fatherhood, fatherhood, post-fatherhood correct incorrect

* not completed

. What does the term "polygenic" mean?

a) A gene that exists in more than one form correct incorrect

b) A trait or characteristic that is under the influence of multiple genes correct incorrect

c) A process that raises or lowers gene activity level without altering the genetic sequence correct incorrect

d) The genesis or source of a genetic mutation correct incorrect

e) Single genes that influence multiple traits correct incorrect

* not completed

. Alternative strategy evolution theories assume that criminal behaviour is primarily related to which of the following?

a) Gene-based differences connected to a person's reproductive strategy correct incorrect

b) Experiencing a harsh and unstable upbringing early in life correct incorrect

c) Gene-based differences in a person's physical attributes and fitness correct incorrect

d) The availability of resources combined with the behavioural strategies other members of a population employ to get these resources correct incorrect

e) All of the above correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which term is used to describe the reproductive success of both the individual AND his or her close genetic relatives?

a) Family-wide fitness correct incorrect

b) Natural selection correct incorrect

c) Inclusive fitness correct incorrect

d) The Cinderella effect correct incorrect

e) Collective fitness correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following does evolutionary theory suggest is constrained because it is a frequency dependent strategy?

a) Natural selection correct incorrect

b) Cheating behaviour correct incorrect

c) Altruism correct incorrect

d) Reciprocal cooperation correct incorrect

e) Violent crime correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe dizygotic twins?

a) They show greater concordance for criminal behaviour than monozygotic twins. correct incorrect

b) They are genetically different from one another. correct incorrect

c) They develop from two independently fertilized zygotes. correct incorrect

d) They are more commonly known as fraternal twins. correct incorrect

e) They may be the opposite sex of one another. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which term refers to a genetic vulnerability or predisposition to develop a pathological condition?

a) Triggering gene correct incorrect

b) Teratogen correct incorrect

c) Epigenetic vulnerability correct incorrect

d) Predisposing gene correct incorrect

e) Diathesis correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following traits is NOT likely to facilitate a mating effort reproductive strategy?

a) Strong sexual drive correct incorrect

b) Lack of remorse correct incorrect

c) Strong emotional bonds to others correct incorrect

d) Deceitfulness correct incorrect

e) Aggressiveness correct incorrect

* not completed

. The study by Caspi et al (2002) investigating the influence of the genes controlling MAOA activity combined with childhood treatment found the greatest antisocial behaviour was associated with which of the following?

a) Low MAOA activity; no childhood maltreatment correct incorrect

b) Low MAOA activity; severe childhood maltreatment correct incorrect

c) High MAOA activity; no childhood maltreatment correct incorrect

d) High MAOA activity; severe childhood maltreatment correct incorrect

e) High MAOA activity only; childhood treatment had no impact correct incorrect