1. Why has DLC research identified continuity in behaviour over the life-course?
  2. Most (but not all) DLC research has been conducted using predominantly white male samples. What implications does this have for our understanding of the development of offending?
  3. Compare and contrast Moffitt and Sampson and Laub’s explanations of the contributions of individual and environmental factors in the development of offending.
  4. Why do young people’s pathways in crime differ? Discuss in relation to what we know about people’s criminal careers and their explanation.
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