1. To what extent have ‘smart city’ technologies created new vulnerabilities for cyber-attack?
  2. Critically assess the extent to which advanced biometric surveillance strategies represent an effective and ethical means of tackling crime in the city.
  3. ‘[AI involves] the rationalisation of the world based on something not instantly understandable by human beings …’ (Rouvroy 2015). Can crime control decisions made by artificial intelligence ever be held to account?
  4. To what extent have digital technologies transformed policing and security practice?
  5. Predictive policing strategies do little more than criminalise minorities and invade the privacy of the majority. Discuss.
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