●  Procedural impropriety focuses on natural justice and failure to observe procedural rules.

●  A fair hearing includes the right to be heard, adequate notice, and the right to answer the allegations made.

●  Everyone is entitled to an unbiased hearing.

●  Although there is no general duty to give reasons for a decision in English law there are significant exceptions to this rule.

●  A person may have a legitimate expectation of being treated in a certain way by an administrative authority even though there is no other legal basis upon which he could claim such treatment.