Practice Quiz Chapter 07

. Sources of bias do NOT include ________.

not using random method to pick up the sample

increasing the sample size

the sampling frame is inadequate

the presence of non-response

. In sampling, an element is ________.

a single case in the population

the total of all the possible interview subjects

an issue to be addressed in research

something that interferes with accessing research subjects

. A sample selected using a random process so that each element in the population has a known likelihood of being selected is ________.

an element

a non-probability sample

a probability sample

a census

. Sampling errors in research ________.

can be eliminated from research if good random samples are used to conduct the research

occur because there is a discrepancy between the sample group and the total population

are a minor concern in quantitative research

can be overcome by ensuring truthful responses from participants

. A simple random sample is based in ________.

ensuring that every element is identified at least once

the 50/50 probability rule of coin tosses

ensuring clearly defined, structured, and unchangeable research

ensuring that each element and combination of elements has the same likelihood of being selected

. ________ is the most basic form of probability sample.

Simple random sample

Stratified random sample

Multi-stage cluster sampling

Systematic sample

. The advantage of multi-stage cluster sampling is ________.

a sampling frame is required

it eliminates all sampling error

it is the most affective sampling method for small populations

it allows interviews to be more geographically concentrated

. A difficulty with multi-stage cluster sampling is ________.

it is fraught with difficulty because the population must be randomized then sorted into subgroups

it may be difficult because different clusters may have different numbers of elements in them

it is limited to three levels of clustering (subgroups)

a sampling frame is required

. Non-response from several people selected for study ________.

can be ignored

will make the research useless

requires further inquiry to determine if there is some particular issue common to the non-responders

forces the Research Ethics Board to determine how many non-responders will be acceptable in a research project

. If a population studied is more heterogeneous, ________.

a researcher must be less concerned about representativeness

the more a structured approach is necessary

a method is needed for exploring one another's viewpoints in supportive manner

a larger sample size is required

. The most efficient use of convenience sample is ________.

to draw a probability sample

as a way to test the reliability of measures to be used in a larger study proportional sampling

to draw a systematic sampling

as a way to choose multi-stage cluster sample

. Quota sampling ________.

is rarely used in market research

requires randomization within the subgroup that has been identified for inclusion

requires participants to be informed of the criteria they met to be chosen

interferes with representativeness of the sample

. Considerations relating to probability sampling derive largely from concerns about ________.

internal reliability

external reliability

internal validity

external validity

. Content analysis ________.

is only concerned with what is written in literary books

cannot be used with virtual material because there is no end point to it

requires that the researcher must establish the parameters of what is being studied and in what specific medium

has the luxury of not being concerned with time or place issues

. Follow-up contact with non-responsive participants ________.

has little to no impact on the response rate of research subjects

is not used for mailed questionnaires

is only useful for virtual sampling

may be used for telephone interviews

. Sampling is the process of conducting interviews for research.

TRUE

FALSE

. A source of bias in a sample may stem from not using a random sampling method.

TRUE

FALSE

. "Sampling frame" is another term for representative sample.

TRUE

FALSE

. Establishing a random sample can be done by the researcher simply picking out the number of elements to be used from the total population in a haphazard manner.

TRUE

FALSE

. Establishing a simple random sample requires the researcher to first break the population down into subcategories.

TRUE

FALSE

. Stratified random sampling is done to ensure representative proportionality in the sample.

TRUE

FALSE

. Establishing a stratified random sample requires the researcher to first break the population down into subcategories.

TRUE

FALSE

. Multi-stage cluster sampling is not effective for large populations that are geographically spread out.

TRUE

FALSE

. In probability samples, increased sample size tends to decrease sampling error.

TRUE

FALSE

. It is the proportion of the population, not the absolute size of a sample, that is important in sampling.

TRUE

FALSE

. The margin of error we get in a survey depends only on sample size we choose.

TRUE

FALSE

. Oversampling of a smaller group may be acceptable to allow meaningful comparison to larger groups.

TRUE

FALSE

. Errors in research may be occurring because of an inadequate sampling frame.

TRUE

FALSE

. Convenience and snowball sampling are inappropriate for qualitative research.

TRUE

FALSE

. A major problem of virtual sampling is that many people simply are not online.

TRUE

FALSE

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