Practice Quiz Chapter 06

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. Structured observations ________.

emphasize direct observation correct incorrect

infer the behaviours in which individuals engage correct incorrect

provide access to social areas that are not otherwise accessible correct incorrect

are effective for generalization correct incorrect

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. Structured observations do NOT address the problem of ________.

meaning correct incorrect

memory correct incorrect

internal validity correct incorrect

social desirability effect bias correct incorrect

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. When using structured observations, researchers must ________.

remain aware of the limits on extrapolation of data to larger populations correct incorrect

identify all true variations correct incorrect

develop categories for sorting data after the observations have occurred correct incorrect

eliminate the gap between stated and actual behaviour correct incorrect

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. Participant observation is ________.

an alternative to structured observation correct incorrect

another name for structured observation correct incorrect

a method that recognizes behaviour only; it is not concerned with the meanings of behaviour correct incorrect

a short-term observation method correct incorrect

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. Non-participant observation ________.

may be either structured or unstructured correct incorrect

involves prolonged immersion of the observer in a particular social setting correct incorrect

allows an observer to develop a narrative account of the subjects' behaviour correct incorrect

involves subjects who are unaware that they are being observed and analyzed correct incorrect

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. In unstructured observation, ________.

there are no formal rules for observing or recording the observations correct incorrect

the observer is not concerned about detailed observations correct incorrect

the observer will be able to give very detailed accounts of activities correct incorrect

unobtrusive observation will always be unstructured correct incorrect

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. The categories of behaviour listed in an observation schedule ________.

must overlap to ensure no data are left out correct incorrect

must have categories that capture the majority of possibilities correct incorrect

may be identified by pilot studies correct incorrect

category "other" should never be used with an observation schedule correct incorrect

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. Classification of behaviours ________.

must be easy to complete correct incorrect

is not aided by training correct incorrect

occurs before the research is conducted correct incorrect

may include a complex systems listing many types of behaviours correct incorrect

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. Bales's observation schedule ________.

provides an example of a schedule without pre-coded categories correct incorrect

identifies positive characteristics of interactions only correct incorrect

is coded to count and balance activities that may be viewed as overlapping with one another correct incorrect

does not provide an instrument for statistical analysis of the data correct incorrect

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. The process of observing a group and recording what occurs for a designated period of time (e.g., every day at lunchtime for two weeks) is ________.

an ineffective method of analysis a group correct incorrect

called a "time sampling" observation strategy correct incorrect

the most effective method of analyzing a group correct incorrect

interrupted by classifying all behaviours into one category correct incorrect

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. With regard to reliability and validity of structured observation research, ________.

inter-observer consistency is a primary concern for researchers using structured observations correct incorrect

observer fatigue and lapses in attention are minor in nature so they will not impact the data correct incorrect

intra-observer consistency is not a concern for structured observation research correct incorrect

the observed party's behaviour will not be affected by the knowledge that they are being observed, even over long periods of time correct incorrect

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. In structured observation research, measurement validity ________.

is a concern for measuring what we are supposed to be measuring in structured observations correct incorrect

takes into account the reactive effect from being observed correct incorrect

ensures that the reactive effect from structured observations will be much less than the reactive effect of participant observation correct incorrect

ensures that there is no correlation to unauthentic behaviour correct incorrect

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. In structured observations, reactive effects ________.

increase over time because of the research subjects' discomfort with the presence of the researcher correct incorrect

cause political correctness correct incorrect

occur most often with the use of unobtrusive measures correct incorrect

are the skewing of data because the research subjects are aware that they are research subjects correct incorrect

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. Recognized reactive effects do NOT include ________.

the Hawthorne effect correct incorrect

role selection correct incorrect

varied reaction according to who the subject is correct incorrect

researcher presence as a change agent correct incorrect

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. The main criticism of structured observation is ________.

it takes into account intentions behind behaviour correct incorrect

it does not take into account intentions behind behaviour correct incorrect

it produces too detailed an account of social action correct incorrect

it does not produce a valid account of social action correct incorrect

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. The structured observation method has explicit rules for observing.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

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. Structured observation data can be treated like survey data and converted to numerical values for analysis.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

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. Participant observation is a qualitative research method.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

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. The observation schedule is not a primary concern for structured observation research.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

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. A clear statement of the research problem is required in an observation schedule.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

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. In an observation schedule, it is important to develop categories into which observations can be fit with minimal interpretation.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

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. Developing an effective observation schedule is quite straightforward.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

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. The recording incidents strategy for observing behaviour is the process of initiating an incident and tape recording.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

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. When using a time sampling observation strategy, the interval between observations must be designated systemically.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

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. Interviews and questionnaires provide more reliable information about events than structured observations.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

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. If the researcher wants to rely on time ordering variables, it is better to use structured observations than structured interviews.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

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. Concurrent validity is not a concern with structured observations.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

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. Typically, when the researcher directly intervenes in a natural environment to observe the consequences of that intervention as a structured observation, the participants are not aware that they are being studied.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

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. Responsive measurement effect occurs when subjects' awareness that they are participating in research leads to changes in their behaviour that confound the investigator's data.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

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. Structured observations have a tendency toward gathering small bits of data, which makes it very difficult to find general themes that show the link between those small bits of data and issues that underlie them.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect