Practice Quiz Chapter 02

. The nomothetic (cause and effect) explanation of social activity ________.

is typically used in a qualitative research methodology

is not concerned with the relationship of cause and effect

incorporates the possibility of alternative explanations

requires correlation

. Qualitative research ________.

is aimed at extrapolation of data to a broad population

relies only on case studies for collecting data

focuses on collection of in-depth data related to particular social activity

is the best form of social research

. Idiographic explanation ________.

is qualitative in nature

applies to broad populations outside of the research group

is concerned with proving correlations between data

requires a social group of five or more people to be valid

. ________ is NOT a type of validity.

Internal validity

Construct validity

External validity

Correlative validity

. If a conclusion meets the criterion of internal validity, ________.

its results are generalizable to the wider population

the researchers has established with reasonable certainty that there is a causal relationship between the variables

the researcher has shown that a particular indicator measures what it is supposed to measure

the researcher was able to replicate the study in its entirety

. With regard to quantitative and qualitative research, ________.

they use different research methods

they are mutually exclusive categories of research design

they both require a control group

they have different criteria for evaluation

. Compared to other forms of research designs, experimental designs ________.

have problems of internal validity

study three groups of subjects

manipulate independent variables

have problems of reliability

. The classic experimental design has three necessary components: ________.

control group, experimental group, random assignment

control group, placebo effect and purposive sampling

experimental group, random assignment and a strong hypothesis

random assignment, placebo effect, and experimental group

. Experimental designs are not used in disciplines such as sociology and political science because ________.

the process of variable manipulation is much more difficult, if not impossible

many variables cannot be easily manipulated

ethical concerns

all of the above

. Cross-sectional designs ________.

provide patterns of association

gather data at three points of time

prove the relationship of causality

involve the manipulation of variables at one specific time

. The main problem with cross-sectional design is that ________.

it cannot be replicated

it may be difficult to establish causal relationship from the data

it generally cannot be generalized to a wider population

it is generally not reliable

. Longitudinal design ________.

overcomes the "direction of causation" problem found in cross-sectional design

is considered one of the easiest forms of research design

requires data to be collected at least three times

never suffers from research subject attrition

. The main difference between longitudinal and cross-sectional design is ________.

longitudinal research is based on quantitative, while cross-sectional is based on qualitative methods

cross-sectional research is done at one point of time, while longitudinal research is completed at two or more points in time

cross-sectional research studies communities, while longitudinal research studies cases

the goal of cross-sectional design is explanation, while the goal of longitudinal result is description

. Case studies ________.

can be used to support a hypothesis

can be used to critique the conclusion drawn from research gathered through a classic experimental design

may provide comparative data from an extreme set of circumstances to better understand common cases

all of the above

. The main strength of comparative cross-cultural research is that ________.

it helps establish causal relationships between the variables

it illustrates how social scientific studies can be culturally specific

it provides a full explanation of two or more cases

it always provides adequate comparisons

. Nomothetic explanations seek to provide law-like descriptions of social life.

TRUE

FALSE

. Testing for correlation of variables is the only valid qualitative reason for conducting social research.

TRUE

FALSE

. Internal validity is a confirmation that the dependent variable and the independent variable are correlated.

TRUE

FALSE

. Experimental design tends to be very high in internal validity.

TRUE

FALSE

. Experimental design is commonly used in qualitative research.

TRUE

FALSE

. The classic experimental design requires a pre-test and post-test.

TRUE

FALSE

. Cook and Campbell (1979) identified six threats to external validity.

TRUE

FALSE

. External validity may be negatively impacted if the selection of research subjects or the setting of the experiment differs from that of the larger population.

TRUE

FALSE

. Quasi-experimental design is when researchers set up an experiment but it is lacking a key component for the pre-test.

TRUE

FALSE

. The main significance of experimental design is the logic of comparison it demonstrates.

TRUE

FALSE

. Random sampling is a key component of validating cross-sectional research methodology.

TRUE

FALSE

. Cross-sectional designs can be used only with quantitative research.

TRUE

FALSE

. Research into the population of a country could be a case study.

TRUE

FALSE

. A case study research project may include data collection from multiple cases.

TRUE

FALSE

. Each type of research design has its qualitative and quantitative manifestation.

TRUE

FALSE

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