* not completed

. Martin Luther objected to the custom of indulgences, through which

the Catholic Church would grant permission to a person to sin in exchange for payment correct incorrect

Catholics bought forgiveness for their sins and reduced the time they believed their souls would spend in purgatory correct incorrect

Catholics could purchase a guarantee that they or members of their families would go to heaven correct incorrect

the Church would “indulge” the misbehavior of Catholics during specific times of year correct incorrect

* not completed

. John Calvin is known for the idea of predestination, which holds that

human choices are predetermined by God correct incorrect

God has predetermined what will happen to each person correct incorrect

God has decided in advance who will be saved and who will not correct incorrect

original sin is predetermined before a person’s birth correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Jesuit order was founded by

Ignatius Loyola correct incorrect

Francis Xavier correct incorrect

René Descartes correct incorrect

Cardinal Richelieu correct incorrect

* not completed

. The key Protestant idea that the scriptures should be available to the people in the common language, and not just Latin, was pioneered by

Martin Luther correct incorrect

John Wyclif correct incorrect

Jan Hus correct incorrect

King Henry VIII correct incorrect

* not completed

. In 1550s France, a key tool in Protestant conversion was

the violent overreaction of Catholic authorities to Protestant demonstrations correct incorrect

John Calvin’s sermons correct incorrect

mass singing correct incorrect

the Huguenots correct incorrect

* not completed

. The decrees of the Council of Trent did not include

that God’s truths are contained in books and traditions correct incorrect

that Catholicism is the one true religion correct incorrect

that salvation cannot be achieved by faith alone and God’s grace can be earned through good works correct incorrect

that the Eucharist is the literal blood and body of Christ correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Swiss priest Huldrych Zwingli believed religious practice should derive from the literal text of the Bible, not Catholic interpretation, and so supported

the marriage of priests correct incorrect

indulgences correct incorrect

the belief that the Eucharist was the literal body and blood of Christ correct incorrect

allowed women into the priesthood correct incorrect

* not completed

. Decades of religious violence in France culminated with the signing of the Edict of Nantes, which

made Calvinism the state religion correct incorrect

established religious tolerance correct incorrect

permitted the practice of Calvinism, but not other form of Protestantism correct incorrect

declared peace with Spain correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Thirty Years War was precipitated by

the Edict of Restitution, which returned to the Catholic Church all lands seized by secular authorities since 1552 and banned Calvinism correct incorrect

the massacre of Magdeburg, in which 20,000 residents were killed correct incorrect

Bohemia’s Protestant nobles rejecting the Catholic King Ferdinand and replacing him with the Protestant Friedrich V correct incorrect

the Battle of White Mountain, where 4,000 Calvinists were killed correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Peasants’ War began in southern Germany in 1524 and was prompted by

Martin Luther’s 95 Theses correct incorrect

the Pope’s decision to offer new indulgences to finance a cathedral in Rome correct incorrect

increased taxes on the poor correct incorrect

new limits on peasants’ ability to hunt and fish, and thus feed their families correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Scottish form of Calvinism was called

Presbyterianism correct incorrect

the Kirk correct incorrect

Puritanism correct incorrect

Anglicanism correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Thirty Years War ended with the signing of the

Edict of Restitution correct incorrect

Defenestration of Prague correct incorrect

Treaty of Westphalia correct incorrect

Peace of Augsburg correct incorrect

* not completed

. A key provision of the Peace of Augsburg permitted

the princes of the Empire to determine the official religion of the land they controlled correct incorrect

all Protestants to practice freely throughout the Empire correct incorrect

religious freedom for people of all faiths correct incorrect

the Emperor to determine which religions would be tolerated correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Catholic response to the Reformation did not include

inquisitions against perceived heretics correct incorrect

an Index of banned books correct incorrect

the assassination of Protestant leaders correct incorrect

a move away from the Latin Mass and increased use of common languages correct incorrect

* not completed

. Between the early 16th and early 18th centuries, around _________ people were executed as witches.

5,000 correct incorrect

20,000 correct incorrect

40,000 correct incorrect

100,000 correct incorrect