Drive, visible interest, and the incentive to produce.

An organization's members who put their own take on daily events and provide entertainment.

Learning about work through a lifetime of communication.

Messages that move from boss to subordinate, higher rank to lower rank.

An organization that effectively socializes and assimilates its members.

Guardians of the organization’s cultural values. They are much respected by all levels of the hierarchy and know the organization’s history.

Levels of power within the organization.

Self-imposed suppression of dissent in upward messages.

Informal chain of communication that spreads through an organization, often leading to message distortion.

A system whose components continuously interact not only with one another, but with the environment outside the system.

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