Distance zone implying little intimacy and indicating a more formal language environment.

The use of space and distance to make meaning.

The use of body motions to make meaning.

Communication that occurs when messages are relayed and meaning made without the use of the spoken word.

When a speaker complements, contradicts, repeats, substitutes for, or regulates a verbal message with nonverbal cues.

The use of time in nonverbal communication.

Communicating through touch.

The space people consider theirs.

Objects people use to identify themselves, helping to define themselves and their environments.

Emotional gestures.

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