Chapter 5 Self-Assessment

. The fallacy of rejecting a claim by criticizing the person who makes it rather than the claim itself is known as appeal to

the person. correct incorrect

persona. correct incorrect

the masses. correct incorrect

popularity. correct incorrect

. A type of ad hominem fallacy that argues that a claim must be true (or false) just because the claimant is hypocritical is called

personal attack. correct incorrect

tu quoque. correct incorrect

poisoning the well. correct incorrect

equivocation. correct incorrect

. The fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true merely because a substantial number of people believe it is known as appeal to

emotion. correct incorrect

authority. correct incorrect

tradition. correct incorrect

the masses. correct incorrect

. Usually the burden of proof rests on the side that

is winning. correct incorrect

makes a negative claim. correct incorrect

tries to prove a negative. correct incorrect

makes a positive claim. correct incorrect

. The fallacy of deliberately raising an irrelevant issue during an argument is called a(n)

red herring. correct incorrect

appeal to distraction. correct incorrect

straw man. correct incorrect

appeal to emotion. correct incorrect

. The fallacy of appeal to the person is rejecting a claim by

using rhetoric. correct incorrect

making false statements. correct incorrect

ignoring the person. correct incorrect

criticizing the person who makes it. correct incorrect

. Arguing that your doing something morally wrong is justified because someone else has done the same (or similar) thing is known as the fallacy of

scare tactics. correct incorrect

two wrongs make a right. correct incorrect

appeal to pity. correct incorrect

straw man. correct incorrect

. A slippery-slope pattern of argument is fallacious when

it is hypothetical. correct incorrect

there is good reason to think that doing one action will inevitably lead to another undesirable action. correct incorrect

there are only two possible results. correct incorrect

there is no good reason to think that doing one action will inevitably lead to another undesirable action. correct incorrect

. Drawing an unwarranted conclusion or generalization about an entire group of people is called

false dilemma. correct incorrect

stereotyping. correct incorrect

rhetorical definition. correct incorrect

straw man. correct incorrect

. The appeal to popularity is arguing that a claim must be true because

no one has rejected it. correct incorrect

no one has proven it false. correct incorrect

a substantial number of people doubt it. correct incorrect

a substantial number of people believe it. correct incorrect

. A scientific claim must be true if it hasn't been shown to be false.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

. If we could prove something with a lack of evidence, we could prove almost anything.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

. Good writers never combine arguments with appeals to emotion.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

. The following argument pattern is an example of begging the question: "Reinterpret claim X so that it becomes the weak or absurd claim Y; attack claim Y; conclude that X is unfounded."

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

. The attempt to establish the conclusion of an argument by using that conclusion as a premise is known as equivocation.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

. Slippery-slope arguments are fallacious because they offer no good reasons for believing that the sequence of steps referred to will happen as predicted.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

. The following argument is an example of equivocation: "The political action committee is very prestigious in Washington; we can expect, then, that each of its soldiers is very prestigious in Washington."

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

. The fact that someone has dubious reasons for making a claim does not show that the claim is false.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

. The fallacy of composition is thinking that the characteristics of the parts are somehow transferred to the whole.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect

. The fallacy of division is frequently used in statistical arguments.

TRUE correct incorrect

FALSE correct incorrect