* not completed

. What legislation led to the UK formally joining the European Union?

a) European Communities Act 1972 correct incorrect

b) European Union Act 1973 correct incorrect

c) EURATOM Act 1970 correct incorrect

d) European Economic Community Act 1972 correct incorrect

* not completed

. It is said that the EU is built on three pillars. Which of the following is not a "pillar" of the EU?:

a) Immigration and Emigration Policy correct incorrect

b) European Communities correct incorrect

c) Cooperation on Justice and Home Affairs correct incorrect

d) Common Foreign and Security Policy correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following is a significant characteristic of every directive?:

a) A Directive has direct applicability correct incorrect

b) A Directive is binding on every Member State correct incorrect

c) A Directive requires implementation into national law correct incorrect

d) A Directive states the manner in which the law must be implemented correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following sources of EU law does have horizontal direct effect?:

a) Recommendations correct incorrect

b) Decisions correct incorrect

c) Directives correct incorrect

d) Treaties correct incorrect

* not completed

. In relation to the supremacy of the EU, which of the following statements is most accurate?

a) The UK is not bound by European law in any way whatsoever correct incorrect

b) In areas where it is applicable, UK law supersedes any European law to the contrary correct incorrect

c) In areas where it is applicable, European law supersedes any existing UK law to the contrary correct incorrect

d) The UK may choose to apply European law if it wishes correct incorrect

* not completed

. What is meant by the term "vertical direct effect"?

a) An individual can rely on EU law in any action in relation to the state, but cannot use it against other individuals correct incorrect

b) An individual can use an EU provision in an action against other individuals, but not against the state correct incorrect

c) An individual cannot rely on an EU provision at all correct incorrect

d) The state can rely on EU law in any action against individuals correct incorrect

* not completed

. What is the European Parliament?

a) The administrative body of the EU correct incorrect

b) The court of the EU correct incorrect

c) A court specialising in issues of human rights correct incorrect

d) The body which exercises democratic control over the operation of the EU correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which for the following is not an absolute right guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights?

a) Right to life correct incorrect

b) Freedom from slavery correct incorrect

c) Freedom from torture correct incorrect

d) Right to a private and family life correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements most accurately states the approach of the UK courts to the interpretation of legislation under s. 3 of Human Rights Act 1998?:

a) Under s. 3, the UK courts must interpret legislation, so far as it is possible to do so, in a way which is compatible with the Convention rights. correct incorrect

b) Under s. 3, the UK courts must find an ambiguity in legislation in order to be able to read the legislation in a way which is compatible with the Convention rights. correct incorrect

c) Under s. 3, the UK courts cannot give an interpretation to the words used in a piece of legislation that the words will not bear. correct incorrect

d) Under s. 3, the UK courts are obliged to give the literal interpretation of the word in the Convention. correct incorrect

* not completed

. In order to be considered a "state" for the purposes of international law, which one of the following is not a pre-requisite?:

a) Established human rights laws correct incorrect

b) A permanent population correct incorrect

c) A defined territory correct incorrect

d) A capacity to enter into relations with other states correct incorrect