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Return to Philosophy: Asking Questions--Seeking Answers Student Resources
Chapter 14 Self Quiz
Quiz Content
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Of two optional actions, the sum of the numbers that measure the costs and the benefits that would result from your choosing either option is referred to as the __________ good.
sum total
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quantitative
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aggregate
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cost-benefit
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Act consequentialism, in general, claims that the best thing to do, in any circumstance, is
that action that will maximize the aggregate good.
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that action that will maximize the aggregate utility.
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to follow that system of rules that-- if generally accepted and followed-- would maximize the greatest happiness of the greatest number.
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to follow that system of rules that-- if generally accepted and followed-- would maximize aggregate utility.
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Which of the following objections has been made against act consequentialism?
In all cases it is logically impossible to assign numerical values to the various costs and benefits.
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In many cases it is logically impossible to assign numerical values to the various costs and benefits.
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In all cases it is not clear how to assign numerical values to the various costs and benefits.
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In many cases it is not clear how to assign numerical values to the various costs and benefits.
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Act utilitarianism differs from act consequentialism, in general, by
incorporating the reasons for actions, rather than just examining their consequences.
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incorporating a hedonist theory of value.
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eliminating all costs and benefits that cannot be quantified.
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eliminating cost-benefit analysis itself.
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Act utilitarians believe that the best thing to do, in any circumstance, is
that action that will maximize the aggregate good.
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to follow that system of rules which-- if generally accepted and followed-- would maximize aggregate good.
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to follow that system of rules, which-- if generally accepted and followed-- would maximize aggregate utility.
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that action that will maximize the aggregate utility.
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__________ wrote, "It is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong."
J. S. Mill
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Jeremy Bentham
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Peter Singer
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Elizabeth Anscombe
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Which of the following objection(s) has been raised against act utilitarianism?
It cannot account for the different opinions people have regarding pleasure and pain.
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It cannot account for the duties that we have to people who are close to us such as relatives, friends, and compatriots.
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It cannot measure pleasure and pain objectively.
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All of the above
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What type of utilitarianism leaves it as an open question whether the rights of one person may be sacrificed for the utility of the many?
Act utilitarianism
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Rule utilitarianism
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Neither a nor b
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Both a and b
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Rule consequentialism argues that one ought to always
obey that system of rules which-- if generally accepted and followed-- would produce the best consequences.
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do that action that will maximize the aggregate good.
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obey that system of rules which-- if generally accepted and followed-- would maximize aggregate utility.
correct
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do that action that will maximize the aggregate utility.
correct
incorrect
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Rule utilitarianism claims that one ought to always
obey that system of rules which-- if generally accepted and followed-- would produce the best consequences.
correct
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do that action that will maximize the aggregate good.
correct
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obey that system of rules which-- if generally accepted and followed-- would maximize aggregate utility.
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do that action that will maximize the aggregate utility.
correct
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For Kant, an action that is performed with praiseworthy motives is what type of action?
morally good
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morally worthy
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ethically serious
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All of the above
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Kant's universalization test states that given a maxim, we ought to consider whether it is possible for everyone to successfully adopt the maxim. Then,
if it is not possible to adopt a given maxim, then actions performed on the basis of that maxim do not have moral worth.
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if it is possible for everyone to successfully adopt a given maxim, consider whether it is possible rationally to choose that everyone adopts the maxim.
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if it is not possible for everyone to successfully adopt a given maxim, then actions performed on the basis of that maxim do not have moral worth.
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All of the above
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Kant calls the capacity for choosing goals and rationally pursuing them
purposiveness.
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teleology.
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rationality.
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humanity.
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Kant claimed that a human being is not a thing and thus
cannot be used merely as a means.
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ought to behave as a human being, not a thing.
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can freely create his own moral code.
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has a moral code given to him by nature.
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Lying, for Kant, is
right or wrong depending on the motive underlying the lie.
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right if it produces a morally worthy end.
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wrong, unless it produces a morally worthy end.
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always wrong.
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