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. Duress cases are typically identifiable by the presence of two particular elements. Which of the following elements are currently essential to a finding of basic duress? Select all that apply.

A lack of consideration on the part of the perpetrator correct incorrect

Unfairness of the terms of the contract correct incorrect

A lack of consent on the part of the victim of the alleged duress correct incorrect

Illegitimate threats on the part of the perpetrator correct incorrect

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. North Ocean Shipping Co Ltd v. Hyundai Construction Co Ltd (The Atlantic Baron) [1979] QB 705 illustrates the need for a claimant to act quickly once he is free from duress in order to ensure a remedy. What reasoning lies behind this ruling?

Given sufficient time, a perpetrator of duress is likely to leave the country correct incorrect

It would be unfair on the defendant to set aside the contract at such a late date correct incorrect

The need to ensure that the contract is set aside within the limitation period correct incorrect

In the case of a voidable contract, an affirmation removes the right to set aside the contract correct incorrect

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. It is generally accepted that, in duress cases, it suffices for the party subject to the duress to show that the threats were a reason which induced him to enter into the contract; the threats do not have to be the reason or even a principal reason. True or false?

True - in the case of economic duress correct incorrect

True - in the case of duress to the person correct incorrect

Never true correct incorrect

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. In CTN Cash and Carry Ltd v. Gallaher [1994] 4 All ER 714, Steyn LJ declined to decide that a refusal to contract (that is, 'lawful act duress') could 'never' constitute duress. Nonetheless, in this case, he considered that the defendants' conduct did not amount to duress. Which of the following characteristics of the case were significant in his coming to this decision? Select all that apply.

The fact that the dispute arose out of "arm's length commercial dealings" between two companies correct incorrect

The fact that, at the time of the claim, the defendants had been bona fide correct incorrect

The fact that the defendants were in a monopoly position correct incorrect

The fact that precedent existed against a finding of duress in cases where lawful means were used correct incorrect