Chapter 16 Review Quiz

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. Growth factors differ from hormones in that:

They grow larger with each generation correct incorrect

Hormones are produced by specialized glands, but growth factors may be produced by a variety of cells correct incorrect

Hormones are more readily modulated and depend upon cAMP correct incorrect

Growth factors can be taken orally correct incorrect

Growth factors grow smaller with each generation correct incorrect

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. In steady-state metabolism:

The rates of catabolism far exceed the rates of anabolism correct incorrect

The rate of anabolism exceeds the rate of catabolism correct incorrect

A balance exists between rates of anabolism and catabolism correct incorrect

It is impossible to compare the rates of catabolism and anabolism correct incorrect

Plants are unable to excrete nitrogen products until death correct incorrect

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. Among metabolic effects one might expect to observe if glucagon production were stopped would be:

Increased production of insulin correct incorrect

Enhanced production of bile correct incorrect

Increased lipogenesis correct incorrect

Increased glycogenesis correct incorrect

Decreased glycogenolysis and lipolysis correct incorrect

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. Which of the following has the opposite effect of insulin?

Somatotropin correct incorrect

Glucagon correct incorrect

Oxytocin correct incorrect

Vasopressin correct incorrect

Testosterone correct incorrect

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. Kwashiorkor, a disease of protein starvation, often causes its victims to appear bloated due to decreased osmotic pressure of blood plasma, allowing an edema or swelling to form as fluid moves out of the capillaries into the interstitial spaces. The osmotic pressure of plasma decreases due to:

Loss of glucose and subsequent decrease in osmotic balance correct incorrect

Increased concentrations of amino acids due to breakdown of protein correct incorrect

Increased levels of albumin in the interstitial spaces correct incorrect

Use of albumins and globulins from blood plasma as raw materials for gluconeogenesis correct incorrect

Decreased levels of thyroid hormones correct incorrect

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. Metabolic syndrome, with its associated obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia, results from insulin resistance. The insulin resistance, in turn, is related to:

High blood levels of glucose correct incorrect

Increased urinary output of glucagon, with associate dysuria correct incorrect

C. High blood levels of urea correct incorrect

High levels of urea in urine associated with increased blood glucose levels correct incorrect

High blood levels of free fatty acids correct incorrect

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. Patients suffering insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are treated with injections of insulin rather than with oral insulin because:

Artificial insulin doesn't work correct incorrect

The oral insulin would overwhelm the immune system correct incorrect

Insulin is a protein and would probably be digested correct incorrect

Insulin must be conjugated before absorption correct incorrect

Insulin is too expensive to administer in this way correct incorrect

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. Both diabetes and starvation often result in symptoms of acidosis. This is due to:

Rapid metabolism of carbonic acid correct incorrect

Excess production of pyruvate correct incorrect

Degradation of long-chain fatty acids to form acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetate correct incorrect

Excess consumption of ketone bodies to prevent hyperosmolality and alkalosis correct incorrect

Degradation of acetone correct incorrect

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. Unlike paracrine hormones, endocrine hormones:

Influence distant targets correct incorrect

Act on both mature and immature cells correct incorrect

Cause production of dangerous waste products correct incorrect

Do not cause production of dangerous waste products correct incorrect

Affect only the cells which are in the vicinity correct incorrect

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. Brain tissue normally consumes glucose, but when glucose levels are low, nervous tissue can also consume:

â-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetic acid correct incorrect

Glycine and phenylalanine correct incorrect

Bicarbonate and acetate correct incorrect

Polyester and cotton correct incorrect

Acetone and alanine correct incorrect

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. The hormone you'd expect to be most like an illegal drug in action is:

Somatotropin correct incorrect

Adiponectin correct incorrect

An endocannabinoid correct incorrect

A heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein correct incorrect

The active principle in fugu correct incorrect

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. Unlike water-soluble hormones, steroid hormones act by:

Moving to the target organ and binding to a membrane correct incorrect

Moving through the plasma to a target organ, binding to a target site, and activating an enzyme correct incorrect

Passing from one part of an organ to another correct incorrect

Transport to a target cell, diffusion through the membrane, and controlling genes correct incorrect

Modifying the activity of tRNA correct incorrect

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. Symptoms of diabetes mellitus include:

Increased hunger correct incorrect

Diminished libido correct incorrect

Hyperglycemia, glucosuria, thirst and increased output of urine correct incorrect

Heightened output of urine, saliva and feces correct incorrect

Sweetened saliva and acidic urinary discharges, resulting in fever and stroke correct incorrect

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. What organ carries out the following functions: filtration of blood to remove wastes and toxic substances, and regulation of body water content and pH?

Lung correct incorrect

Kidney correct incorrect

Brain correct incorrect

Intestine correct incorrect

Heart correct incorrect

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. Refer to Figure 16.1 and select one molecule which appears to be at the center of metabolic activity.

Glucose correct incorrect

Stearic acid correct incorrect

Insulin correct incorrect

Starch correct incorrect

Acetyl-CoA correct incorrect

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. The central neural circuits controlling appetite are found in the:

Enterocytes correct incorrect

Hypothalamus correct incorrect

Frontal lobe correct incorrect

Caudate nucleus correct incorrect

Cerebellum correct incorrect

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. Peptide hormones which bind to G-protein-coupled receptors stimulate the activity of adenyl cyclase, producing a second messenger called:

Cyclic-3'5'-adenosine monophosphate correct incorrect

Guanosine triphosphate correct incorrect

ADP correct incorrect

Phosphoric acid correct incorrect

FTD correct incorrect

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. Old-time biochemists are fond of saying, "Fat burns in the flame of carbohydrate." By this, they meant:

You can't oxidize carbohydrate without fat correct incorrect

Without some carbohydrate to replenish the intermediates of the TCA cycle, acetyl CoA can't enter the cycle correct incorrect

In the absence of protein, carbohydrate can't be oxidized without fat correct incorrect

In the absence of fat, protein can't be oxidized without carbohydrate correct incorrect

Fat is catabolized faster in the absence of carbohydrate correct incorrect

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. The major effect of adiponectin is to:

Enhance secretion of leptin correct incorrect

Suppress appetite correct incorrect

Increase both secretion of and cellular response to insulin correct incorrect

Increase sexual activity correct incorrect

Suppress protein synthesis correct incorrect

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. The hormone secreted in response to suckling during breast feeding is called:

Vasopressin correct incorrect

Epinephrine correct incorrect

Norepinephrine correct incorrect

Adrenalin correct incorrect

Oxytocin correct incorrect

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. The type of hormones secreted by macrophages within adipose tissue and by adipocytes themselves are called:

Cytokines correct incorrect

Mesomokines correct incorrect

Astrokynes correct incorrect

Adipokines correct incorrect

Allkines correct incorrect

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. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is treated with oral hypoglycemic agents in order to:

Reduce gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis correct incorrect

Enhance lipolysis correct incorrect

Increase activity of epinephrine and norepinephrine correct incorrect

Enhance production of glucagon and other hypoglycemic agents correct incorrect

Increase the basal metabolic rate correct incorrect