Chapter 13 Review Quiz

Photosynthesis

. Chlorophyll bears some structural resemblance to the molecule:

. An excited electron eventually returns to its ground state. If it returns by radiationless decay without emission of a photon, the energy is often found as:

. Both chlorophyll and the carotenoids are found within plant cells in organelles called:

. In addition to chlorophyll and carotenoids, plant cells contain phycocyanins and phycoerythrins which assist in light absorption. If light made up of continuous wavelengths from400 to 700 nm is passed through solutions of the pigments, the pigments exhibit different absorption spectra. Chlorophyl b, for example, absorbs strongly near 450 nm and 650 nm, while the phycocyanins and phycoerythrins absorb more strongly in the region from 475 to 525 nm. What value might these different absorptions have to the plant cell?

. The term "rubisco" is frequently used in connection with photosynthesis. Rubisco is:

. When one considers the vast array of metabolic choices an organism can make, control of metabolism is essential. If all the enzymes needed for any type of metabolism were present, what would determine whether photosynthesis would occur?

. The primitive organisms which possessed photosystems are believed to have had survival value superior to organisms which lacked photosynthetic mechanisms. The primitive organisms are likely to have been similar in metabolism to the present-day:

. There is no direct need for humans to consume chlorophyll, but β-carotene is essential as a source of vitamin A. In rare cases, persons trying to improve their night vision consume too much vitamin A and may turn orange, as did the skin of residents of Biosphere II. Hypervitaminosis A may result in headaches, impairment of vision, and liver damage. Hunters know that they must not consume livers of carnivores killed north of the Arctic Circle. Why would consumption of polar bear liver be more dangerous than eating rabbit liver?

. Chloroplasts have membranes which contain ATP synthase similar to:

. The amount of energy carried by light is directly proportional to the frequency of the radiation. The temperature of heavenly bodies can be estimated by examining the light emitted. A distant star is considered hottest if it emits:

. Global climate changes concern farmers. In particular, their attempts to grow corn in northern latitudes may suffer because:

. The chlorophylls and carotenoids capture light for photosynthesis The light energy is absorbed and transmitted to the reactive center of Photosystem I by chlorophylls and carotenoids in their capacity as:

. In order to carry out photosynthesis in the pitch-black depths of the ocean, the green sulfur bacterium GS1 obtains energy from:

. In Chapter 13, you study some of the reactions which produce NADPH. Both NADH and NADPH are valuable sources of energy for physiological reactions. How is NADPH used in biosynthesis of carbohydrates?

. An example of a plant you may have seen which has crassulacean acid metabolism is:

. Because the reactions of the Calvin cycle can occur in darkness, this portion of photosynthesis is often referred to as the dark reactions. Although they can occur in darkness, in reality, they take place most often in periods of sunlight because:

. Many molecules which readily absorb visible light are brightly colored. In order to absorb electromagnetic radiation, the organic molecule must possess a portion called a:

. Photosynthesis can best be represented by the reaction:

. Photosystem II is found in the appressed regions of lamellae of the thylakoid membrane. What does the term "appressed" mean?

. During very active photosynthesis, much of the reduced carbon fixed by the Calvin cycle as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to starch. During the dark periods which follow, much of the starch is converted to:

. Some of the reactions of the Calvin cycle are similar to reactions of the:

. Many natural and synthetic materials fluoresce. The light absorbed by a molecule has:

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