Chapter 12 Review Quiz

Lipid Metabolism

. The chylomicron structure is formed by a type of cell known as:

. Fatty acid synthesis is dependent upon aggregation of dimers of acetyl-Co carboxylase to form polymers. This aggregation is slowed or prevented by:

. The structures which are known as "foam" cells are actually:

. A constant supply of glucose is needed for a number of tissues including brain, erythrocytes, and anaerobic muscle. During starvation, brain which lacks a ready supply of glucose may oxidize:

. Early in your chemistry career, you probably spilled some sodium hydroxide on your hands and noticed that bases feel soapy. The soapy feeling is caused by:

. The angina or pain associated with a mild heart attack may be partially relieved by administration of nitroglycerine, which degrades to release nitric oxide. The nitric oxide relieves angina by:

. Fatty acid oxidation occurs mostly within mitochondria, but fatty acids themselves can't easily cross the mitochondrial membrane. How do they pass?

. Bile acids are excreted into the intestine where they become bile salts due to:

. As a source of energy, fat produces more than twice as many calories per gram as either protein or carbohydrate. What percentage of the energy in the diet of an average American is produced from fat?

. The process of β-Oxidation was discovered by Franz Knoop when he fed dogs fatty acids labeled with a benzene ring at the ω- end of the molecule opposite the -COOH group. Metabolism could not proceed beyond the phenyl group. Dogs fed phenylcaproic acid would produce urine containing:

. Detoxication processes render many dangerous metabolites less hazardous. An enzyme involved in the ETC is particularly useful in destruction of drugs and other substances which come from outside the body. Which one"

. Cholesterol is not oxidized for energy within the body, but you might help eliminate it from your body if you could increase the formation of:

. The average female human body contains about 25% fat. For purposes of discussion, physicians often refer to the average man as a "70 Kg man," (actually a little low by modern standards of obesity). How many pounds of fat would be present in the body of a 70 Kg woman?

. In the initial stages, fatty acid synthesis occurs:

. Recall (see Chapter 10) that complete oxidation of 6 carbons as glucose to carbon dioxide and water yields 31 ATP. How many more ATP molecules could you expect to produce by oxidation of 18 carbons as stearic acid to carbon dioxide and water than by oxidation of three glucose molecules? (Remember that formation of hexanoyl CoA requires the equivalent of 2 ATP.)

. The cells which store lipids in the body are sometimes referred to as signet ring cells, as seen from the side, the nucleus of the cell appears similar to the set of a ring and the inner portion of the cell is filled with lipid, resembling the ring itself. These fat cells are properly called:

. Drugs called statins are now used to decrease plasma cholesterol levels by inhibiting the rate-limiting step of cholesterol synthesis. This step is catalyzed by:

. Some triacylglycerols are exogenous, and others are endogenous (synthesized within the body). Endogenous triacylglycerols are typically synthesized in:

. The principal site of cholesterol synthesis is:

. Old-time physicians sometimes diagnosed illness on the basis of the odor of patients. Untreated diabetics sometimes have breath with a "fruity" odor due to the presence of a volatile ketone body. Which of the following might be the cause?

. The location of fatty acid oxidation is:

. Arachidonic acid and EPA are classified as essential because they:

. Branched-chain fatty acids, such as phytanic acid, are not a lost cause as sources of energy. They may be broken down by a process with begins with:

. Fatty acids are not very soluble in blood plasma. Left to themselves, they tend to form micelles and at high concentrations, may cause blood plasma to appear milky, or lipemic. Free fatty acids are transported in the blood by:

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