Chapter 12 Student Quiz

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. The Maya had a written language of inscriptions on buildings, monuments, and________, as well as recorded in __________.

stone tablets, papyrus correct incorrect

clay tablets, bronze plates correct incorrect

stelae, codices correct incorrect

ceramics, bone engravings correct incorrect

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. Monte Alban is located in the ________ and was built by the _________.

Valley of Mexico; Aztec correct incorrect

Valley of Oaxaca; Zapotec correct incorrect

Amazon floodplain; Olmec correct incorrect

Yucatán Peninsula; Maya correct incorrect

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. The Maya collapse, according to Arthur Demarest, did not represent ______________; it was characterized by ____________.

political or religious decline; ecological catastrophe correct incorrect

cultural collapse; the abandonment of some cities and growth of others in the north correct incorrect

demographic reorganization; the growth of regional populations correct incorrect

true collapse; the diffusion of Mesoamerican civilization into the Valley of Mexico correct incorrect

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. The earliest evidence for writing in Mesoamerica is associated with the:

Olmec of the Middle Preclassic period correct incorrect

Olmec of the Classic period correct incorrect

Aztec of the Early Classic period correct incorrect

Maya of the Early Classic period correct incorrect

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. The Mayan ruler K'inishJanaabPakal, also known today as Pakal the Great, was entombed in a carved stone sarcophagus at:

the Pyramid of the Moon at Teotihuacan correct incorrect

the Temple of Pakal at Tikal correct incorrect

the Temple of the Inscriptions at Palenque correct incorrect

the Temple of the Feathered Serpent at ChichénItzá correct incorrect

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. One of the great Postclassic centers of Mayan civilization was located at:

Chichén Itzá correct incorrect

Palenque correct incorrect

Tikal correct incorrect

Teotihuacan correct incorrect

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. The Zapotecs built a city in the Valley of Oaxaca, known as:

Teotihuacan correct incorrect

Tenochtitlán correct incorrect

Monte Albán correct incorrect

Copán correct incorrect

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. While Mesoamerican civilizations in different regions overlapped in time, which of the following represents the correct chronological sequence, from earliest (oldest) to latest (more recent)?

Olmec, Aztec, Classic Maya, Teotihuacán correct incorrect

Teotihuacán, Classic Maya, Olmec, Aztec correct incorrect

Olmec, Teotihuacán, Classic Maya, Aztec correct incorrect

Teotihuacán, Olmec, Classic Maya, Aztec correct incorrect

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. Which Mesoamerican city was built on a grid pattern around 200 C.E.?

Teotihuacán correct incorrect

El Mirador correct incorrect

ChichénItzá correct incorrect

Tenochtitlán correct incorrect

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. Hundreds of platform monuments and pyramids were built at Teotihuacán; the largest of these is the ___________________.

Pyramid of the Moon correct incorrect

Temple of the Feathered Serpent correct incorrect

Pyramid of the Sun correct incorrect

Platform of Inscriptions correct incorrect

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. Aztec and Mesoamerican populations were drastically affected by ______________, Aztec word for a devastating epidemic.

cocoliztli correct incorrect

chinampas correct incorrect

tzompantli correct incorrect

atlatl correct incorrect

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. The Aztec word for a large rack with hundreds of human skulls is ________.

cocoliztli correct incorrect

chinampas correct incorrect

tzompantli correct incorrect

atlatl correct incorrect

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. The Aztec believed human sacrifice was necessary to:

appease underworld demons known as tzompantli correct incorrect

guarantee the survival of humanity correct incorrect

provide food for their warriors, priests, and elite correct incorrect

strike fear into the hearts of Spaniards and other foreigners correct incorrect

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. The legitimacy of Mayan king YaxPahsaj was symbolized on Altar Q at:

ChichénItzá correct incorrect

Palenque correct incorrect

Tikal correct incorrect

Copán correct incorrect

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. The records left by the Maya are mostly concerned with:

trade and economics correct incorrect

philosophy and religion correct incorrect

political and military history correct incorrect

astronomy and mathematics correct incorrect

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. Teotihuacán rose to prominence in the Basin of Mexico following a struggle with its rival, ____________, and the destruction of that city by ____________.

Cuicuilco; a volcanic eruption correct incorrect

Tenochtitlán; civil war correct incorrect

Monte Albán; a severe drought and devastating fire correct incorrect

Copán; a hurricane correct incorrect

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. By 1,900 years ago, the central elements of Mayan culture were in place. These did not include:

a stratified society ruled by kings correct incorrect

ritual ball games and a reverence for precious jade correct incorrect

a sophisticated bronze producing industry correct incorrect

a hieroglyphic written language and calendar correct incorrect

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. Montezuma ruled over millions of people from the _______ capital of _____.

Mayan; Tikal correct incorrect

Aztec; Tenochtitlán correct incorrect

Teotihuacános; Teotihuacán correct incorrect

Zapotec; Monte Albán correct incorrect

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. The large population of the Valley of Mexico was made possible and supported by:

long-distance trade, salt mining, and stone masonry correct incorrect

hunting and gathering, fishing, and cultivation of root crops correct incorrect

advanced medical, artisanal, and metallurgical technologies correct incorrect

agricultural irrigation, terraces, and raised fields called chinampas correct incorrect

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. Some of the earliest monumental civic structures of the Maya have been found in central Guatemala, at the site of:

Tikal correct incorrect

Ceibal correct incorrect

ChichénItzá correct incorrect

Teotihuacán correct incorrect

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. Mayan art and iconography feature prominent depictions of:

infants and children correct incorrect

stars and comets correct incorrect

farming, hunting, and gatehring correct incorrect

mutilation and violence correct incorrect

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. Following the Classic period, Mayan civilization

collapsed, then began to slowly develop into Aztec civilization correct incorrect

entered the second Classic period, until being conquered by Teotihuacán correct incorrect

fell into decline, resurged at its center in the north, then fell into decline again correct incorrect

suddenly collapsed, as the population dispersed and never again built monumental cities correct incorrect

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. The Classic period of the Maya dates from around ___________.

5,500 to 4,000 years ago correct incorrect

3,500 to 2,500 years ago correct incorrect

250 to 800 C.E. correct incorrect

600 to 1500 C.E. correct incorrect

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. The _____________ called Teotihuacán the Place of __________.

Aztec; the gods correct incorrect

Olmec; the foreigners correct incorrect

Maya; mountains correct incorrect

Zapotecs, the pyramids correct incorrect

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. Many archaeologists, such as David Webster, believe the decline of the Maya was primarily caused by:

a cataclysm of some kind, such as an earthquake, volcano, or tsunami correct incorrect

ecological degradation from slash-and-burn farming techniques correct incorrect

endless wars between neighboring Mayan city-states correct incorrect

conquest of Mayan city states by Teotihuacán correct incorrect

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. At its peak, the population of the city of Teotihuacán may have reached:

50,000 people correct incorrect

200,000 people correct incorrect

500,000 people correct incorrect

1,000,000 people correct incorrect

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. Many of the temples in the city of Palenque appear to have been built:

as residences for powerful Mayan priests. correct incorrect

to serve as communal storehouses. correct incorrect

as a means of impressing foreigners and enemies, including Spaniards. correct incorrect

to legitimize the kingship of Pakal, since his father was not royal. correct incorrect

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. In A.D. 1519, the Aztec population is estimated to have been _____________; by the early 1600s it was approximately ___________.

500,000; 10 million correct incorrect

1 million; 10,000 correct incorrect

25 million; 1 million correct incorrect

950,000; 50,000 correct incorrect

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. Early evidence of complexity in Mayan societies is indicated by the construction of ____________ by around __________ years ago.

enormous stone heads; 3,500 correct incorrect

stone platforms; 2,800 correct incorrect

obsidian statuary; 2,400 correct incorrect

stelae; 1,800 correct incorrect

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. The Maya appear to have derived their writing and mathematics from the:

Zapotecs correct incorrect

Toltec correct incorrect

Aztec correct incorrect

Olmec correct incorrect

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. The Aztec Empire was based on the systematic expansion of:

religious beliefs that required increased human sacrifice correct incorrect

oppressive military control of neighboring societies by conquest correct incorrect

a distinctive architectural style and artistic expression correct incorrect

tribute in the form of gold, jade, feathers, cloth, and jewels correct incorrect

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. What does the lid of the sarcophagus of Pakal the Great, ruler of Palenque, depict?

the slain enemies of the king, with a series of hieroglyphs representing all of the great cities and civilizations of the world correct incorrect

the dead king suspended between the Maya earth monster and the Quetzal bird, which symbolizes the Maya heaven correct incorrect

the Aztec king ascending to heaven on a chariot made of gold correct incorrect

an ancient alien looking through a telescope and piloting a spaceship correct incorrect

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. Based on the strontium isotope ratios in the teeth of people buried at Copán, the rulers were:

a local elite who rose to power based on popularity and charisma correct incorrect

foreigners from different regions across much of the Maya territory correct incorrect

an elite class of astronomer-priests who ate mostly vegetables and fish correct incorrect

emigrants from north Africa and taught the Maya how to build pyramids correct incorrect

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. Variations in oxygen isotopes in a stalagmite in YokBalum Cave in Belize indicate:

increased rainfall and severe flooding, associated with the collapse of Maya ceremonial centers correct incorrect

amount of rainfall, associated with a severe drought correct incorrect

increased air pollution from slash-and-burn agriculture correct incorrect

progressively colder temperatures, leading to an abandonment of the entire region correct incorrect

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. The timing of monumental construction at Ceibal is significant because:

It confirms the residents of Ceibal were influenced by the Olmec correct incorrect

It suggests the Maya may have been influenced by the Egyptians correct incorrect

It contradicts the hypothesis that the Olmec inspired the monumental construction of the Maya correct incorrect

It contradicts the hypothesis that monumental construction among the Maya began during the Classic period correct incorrect