Chapter 3 Multiple Choice Questions

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. _______ theory can be described as a code of conduct to which all rational beings should adhere. This contrasts with ________ morality which is the code of conduct adopted by a particular group or society.

Descriptive, Normative correct incorrect

Normative, Instrumental correct incorrect

Normative, Descriptive correct incorrect

Ethical, Descriptive correct incorrect

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. Under ethical ________ objective moral principles can be rationally determined, while ethical under ________ morality is both context dependant and subjective.

Normativity, Relativism correct incorrect

Absolutism, Relativism correct incorrect

Relativism, Absolutism correct incorrect

Absolutism, Normativity correct incorrect

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. Which of the following statements are correct?
1. Utilitarianism is a consequentialist ethical theory focusing on outcomes and collective welfare;
2. Egoism is a duty based ethical theory based on the principles of altruism and care for others;
3. Ethics of duty is a principle based ethical theory attributed to Emmanuel Kant.

1,3 correct incorrect

2,3 correct incorrect

1,2 correct incorrect

1,2,3 correct incorrect

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. Pick the correct description of the following term: Utilitarianism is…

A theory which states that an action is morally incorrect if it promotes the greatest good for the greatest number correct incorrect

A theory which states that an action is morally right if it promotes the greatest good for the decision maker correct incorrect

A theory which states that an action is morally right if it promotes the greatest good for the smallest number correct incorrect

A theory which states that an action is morally right if it promotes the greatest good for the greatest number correct incorrect

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. Which of the following issues are common criticisms of utilitarianism?
1. Problems of quantification and calculation of outcomes;
2. Subjectivity of the individual assessing actions;
3. The distribution of utility;
4. The complexity of the theory.

1,2,3,4 correct incorrect

1,3,4 correct incorrect

1,2,3 correct incorrect

1,2,4 correct incorrect

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. _______ and _______ are both examples of _______ -based theories which are based on basic universal principles of right and wrong.

Ethics of duty, Ethics of rights and justice, Principle correct incorrect

Utilitarianism, Egoism, Principle correct incorrect

Ethics of duty, Utilitarianism, Consequentialist correct incorrect

Egoism, Ethics of rights and justice, Consequentialist correct incorrect

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. What term can be used to describe 'the hypothetical agreement between member of society and those who govern it which establishes the inter-relationships, rights and responsibilities on a fair basis'?

Social Contract correct incorrect

Duty Ethics correct incorrect

Consequentialism correct incorrect

Virtue Ethics correct incorrect

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. Which of the following statements are typical criticisms of Western modernist ethical theories?
1. They are too abstract;
2. They are too broad;
3. They are too objective and elitist;
4. They are too irrational and uncodified.

3,4 correct incorrect

1,3 correct incorrect

2,3 correct incorrect

4,1 correct incorrect

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. Which of the following statements are correct?
1. Virtue ethics focus on an individual's character and are based on the notion that humans can learn virtuous traits to lead a good life.
2. An ethic of care is a procedural, masculine based ethic centred around human dependence.
3. Post-modern ethics assert that ethics are context and individual specific and as such have an internal guide to ethics.

2,3 correct incorrect

1,3 correct incorrect

1,2,3 correct incorrect

1,2 correct incorrect

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. _______ locate morality beyond the sphere of rationality in an emotional 'moral impulse' towards others.

Virtue ethics correct incorrect

Ethical egoism correct incorrect

Postmodern ethics correct incorrect

Ethics of duty correct incorrect