* not completed

.

In testing a theory, what is 'empirical validity'?

It assesses whether the theory is capable of being tested correct incorrect

It assesses the extent to which it is supported by research evidence correct incorrect

It assesses the accuracy with which a theory can predict new phenomena correct incorrect

It assesses whether the theory is clear and makes sense correct incorrect

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. Which theorists seek to explain criminality through an analysis of measurements of factual information about the social world?

Classical theorists correct incorrect

Interpretivists correct incorrect

Positivists correct incorrect

Critical Theorists correct incorrect

* not completed

. Who wrote the famous monograph 'On Crimes and Punishments' in 1764?

Charles-Louis Montesquieu correct incorrect

Jeremy Bentham correct incorrect

Cesare Beccaria correct incorrect

Jean-Jacques Rousseau correct incorrect

* not completed

. For classical criminologists, crime is solved through:

The arbitrary use of power, harsh punishment and control correct incorrect

An effective and efficient use of a just and fair process, culminating in punishing the offender only as much as is necessary to pay for the crime they committed correct incorrect

Ensuring that the intentions of the offender are central to deciding whether to convict and how much punishment to use correct incorrect

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.

Which of these might be considered to be a classical criminologist?

Émile Durkheim correct incorrect

Max Weber correct incorrect

Cesare Lombroso correct incorrect

Charles Goring correct incorrect

Cesare Beccaria correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which two theorists are most commonly associated with 'rational choice theory'?

Cornish and Clarke correct incorrect

Bentham and Beccaria correct incorrect

Rawls and Goring correct incorrect

Cohen and Felson correct incorrect

* not completed

. What are 'involvement decisions'?

Decisions about whether to engage in crime as opposed to other types of activity correct incorrect

Decisions about whether to commit a specific crime correct incorrect

Decisions about exactly what action to take in order to commit a crime correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which two theorists are most commonly associated with 'routine activity theory'?

Bentham and Beccaria correct incorrect

Rawls and Goring correct incorrect

Cornish and Clarke correct incorrect

Cohen and Felson correct incorrect

* not completed

.

Situational crime prevention suggests that we address:

Targets by making them more secure - 'target hardening' correct incorrect

Motivated offenders correct incorrect

Crime scripts correct incorrect

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. Which of these is NOT one of Alison Coleman's suggestions for better design to reduce crime?

Fewer anonymous spaces correct incorrect

Increasing surveillance by letting people overlook each other correct incorrect

Removal of easy ways to escape without being seen correct incorrect

Building more subways to protect people from traffic when crossing roads correct incorrect