* not completed

. One of the key factors contributing to the West’s economic contraction and stagflation of the 1970s was

high oil prices correct incorrect

competition from Soviet exports correct incorrect

low oil prices correct incorrect

the continued reliance on the gold standard correct incorrect

* not completed

. Lower birthrates caused European leaders to worry about

their ability to maintain effective militaries correct incorrect

pollution and other environmental hazards that might be contributing to the drop in births correct incorrect

their ability to fund their generous pension systems correct incorrect

the rising cost of living correct incorrect

* not completed

. Gorbachev’s campaign to restructure the USSR’s economy was called

glastnost correct incorrect

Gastarbeiter correct incorrect

Ostpolitik correct incorrect

Perestroika correct incorrect

* not completed

. Among the privileges granted to Mikhail Gorbachev once he was made Communist Party leader for his province was

access to Khrushchev’s secret 1956 speech on the crimes of Stalin’s regime correct incorrect

a car for his personal use correct incorrect

the ability to travel to Western Europe correct incorrect

a seat on the Communist Party’s Central Committee correct incorrect

* not completed

. In 1975, Spain restored their monarchy and appointed a new king named

Franco correct incorrect

Juan Carlos correct incorrect

Felipe correct incorrect

Francisco correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Polish trade union Solidarity was led by

Lech Walesa correct incorrect

Wojciech Jaruzelski correct incorrect

Andrei Sakharov correct incorrect

Karol Wojtyla correct incorrect

* not completed

. During the economic downturn beginning in the 1970s, many in Europe increasingly placed blame for high unemployment on

the loss of old colonial empires correct incorrect

immigrants correct incorrect

Germany correct incorrect

high oil prices correct incorrect

* not completed

. After France passed a law requiring political parties to run equal numbers of male and female candidates in elections, women’s representation in the National Assembly in 2012 reached

10.9 percent correct incorrect

17 percent correct incorrect

27 percent correct incorrect

48 percent correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Hungarian Communist Party precipitated the fall of the Berlin Wall by

distracting the USSR from what was happening in Berlin with a rebellion among the younger members of the Hungarian Party correct incorrect

encouraging other members of the Communist bloc, including East Germany and Czechoslovakia, to follow their lead and permit open elections correct incorrect

declaring that they would not prevent visiting East Germans from crossing into Austria, from whence they could reach the West correct incorrect

forcing the USSR to state publicly that it would not prop up communist regimes in its satellite states correct incorrect

* not completed

. In Margaret Thatcher’s first two years as Prime Minister of the U.K., the unemployment rate

shrank by half correct incorrect

stayed flat, after years of increases correct incorrect

rose by a third correct incorrect

doubled correct incorrect

* not completed

. The only European country in which a “Green,” or environmentalist, party became a significant political force was

Germany correct incorrect

Belgium correct incorrect

Sweden correct incorrect

Britain correct incorrect

* not completed

. The replacement of the communist ruling party with the Civic Forum in Czechoslovakia was known as the

satin revolution correct incorrect

silk revolution correct incorrect

velvet revolution correct incorrect

cotton revolution correct incorrect

* not completed

. In the 1970s, several countries in Europe made the transition from dictatorship to democracy, beginning with

Portugal correct incorrect

Spain correct incorrect

Luxembourg correct incorrect

Greece correct incorrect

* not completed

. Various Eastern European countries supported their economies through the 1970s and into the 1980s

with subsidies from Moscow correct incorrect

with loans from the West correct incorrect

by printing money correct incorrect

by instituting wage controls correct incorrect

* not completed

. The political rationale for EU leaders in adopting the euro was to

prevent an increasingly powerful unified Germany from using their strong economy and currency to dominate the rest of Europe correct incorrect

lure additional Soviet bloc countries away from communism, with the promise of inclusion in the euro zone correct incorrect

prevent another downturn like that seen during the 1970s correct incorrect

aid struggling economies like Greece and Portugal correct incorrect

* not completed

. The Soviet republics became independent states with relatively little violence, except in

Czechoslovakia correct incorrect

Yugoslavia correct incorrect

Poland correct incorrect

Hungary correct incorrect