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Chapter 03 Quiz
Return to Europe in the Modern World Student Resources
Chapter 03 Quiz
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Galileo was finally willing to publish his theories when he
confirmed them by rolling a ball down an inclined plane
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was encouraged to do so by Copernicus
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confirmed them with a telescope
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left the University of Pisa
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One of the foremost supporters of technology (the application of new knowledge) was
Galileo
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Blaise Pascal
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Francis Bacon
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Robert Boyle
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Encounters with Africans and Native Americans convinced some Europeans that John Locke was correct in theorizing that
all humans share a fundamental nature
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humans are a “blank slate” at birth
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humans are fundamentally cooperative and kind
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humans are fundamentally selfish
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Hume believed that the differences between various civilizations were a result of
climate
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poverty and ignorance
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geography
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religion
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Galileo was different from his contemporaries in that he
sought to confirm his theories with empirical evidence
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was a Protestant
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lacked a Bachelor’s degree
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was not a priest
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Members of England’s Royal Society intended their experiments to provide
absolute certainty in their conclusions
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a possible explanation of the natural world without application to human society
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explanations in keeping with religious dogma of the time
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a probable explanation of the observed phenomenon, on which knowledgeable scientists could agree
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For David Hume, the key motivating factor in human behavior was
reason
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divine inspiration
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animal instinct
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passions
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Leaders of the Scottish religious establishment considered Hume a(n)
atheist
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Presbyterian
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heretic
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traitor
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Recent historians have been reluctant than their predecessors to use the term “scientific revolution” to describe the advances made by Galileo, Bacon, Descartes, and others because
the term “revolution” implies change accomplished through violence
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adoption of these new ideas was gradual
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the change occurred across Europe, rather than starting in a single country
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most of the advances were more philosophical than scientific
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Starting from the premise “I think, therefore I am,” Descartes reasoned that
God does not exist
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humans must be capable of fully understanding how and why the world works as it does
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everything we perceive is of the mind
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the universe is infinite
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Adam Smith argued that the division of labor would increase productivity
but dull the mind
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and improve societal harmony
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but lower prices
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but confuse gender roles
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Voltaire believed that the events described in the Bible
were the literal truth
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were allegories, intended to be interpreted
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were based on fact, but had been misinterpreted through the years
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were a dangerous fiction, intended to take advantage of ignorant people
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The “mechanical philosophers” of the 17th century compared the natural world to
a vacuum
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a steam engine
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a pendulum
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a clock
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The title of Newton’s most famous work is often shortened to the
Philosophiae
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Naturalis
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Principia
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Mathematica
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Adam Smith felt that the solution to the problems caused by the division of labor was
“salons” hosted by women, where men could discuss intellectual pursuits
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rotating tasks, to give workers variety
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a free education for all
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not possible to achieve
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Which of the following was not one of the three forms of government Montesquieu identified?
republicanism
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monarchism
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absolutism
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despotism
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An experiment intended to show that air has weight led to the invention of
the barometer
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the vacuum
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the thermometer
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the water clock
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Leibniz and other rivals criticized Newton for failing to explain
gravity
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elliptical orbits
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Halley’s comet
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centrifugal force
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Rousseau thought that the pre-social state of humans was
sociable and driven by sympathy for each other
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isolated from others and driven by the senses
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violent and combative, driven by selfishness
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peaceful and idyllic, driven by regard for others and the will of God
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Catherine Macaulay criticized men for the notion of
sexism
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gallantry
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chivalry
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equality
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