After reading this chapter, students should be able to:

1. Express the basic ideas that underlie the strategies of deterrence and incapacitation.

2. Distinguish between specific and general deterrence.

3. Provide tentative conclusions about the effectiveness of specific and general deterrence.

4. Explain the limitations of punishment as a deterrent.

5. Discuss the research on incapacitation, including the problems involved in estimating the amount of crime prevented by incapacitation.

6. Describe the strategy of selective incapacitation and the difficulties involved in implementing this strategy.

7. Describe the tentative conclusions we may draw about the effectiveness of incapacitation in reducing crime.

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